Shalmaneser
A person of the divided monarchy of Israel and Judah, first named at 2 Kings 17:3.
What we know — and how we know it
Bible — stated in scripture (with verse) · 1
Archaeology — physical evidence · 1
Life, role & deeds
BibleShalmaneser of Assyria besieged Samaria for three years, and it fell — ending the kingdom of Israel.
2 Kings 17:3–6; 18:9–11
Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) — CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)
ArchaeologyThe siege and fall of Samaria are corroborated by Assyrian records; the Black Obelisk of an earlier Shalmaneser even shows a king of Israel bowing in tribute.
Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, found by A. H. Layard at Nimrud (Kalhu) in 1846, British Museum (ANE 118885), depicting 'Iaua (Jehu) son of Omri' bringing tribute; the fall of Samaria recorded in the annals of Sargon II from Khorsabad (Dur-Sharrukin) and the Nimrud Prism (claiming deportation of 27,290 inhabitants), with the onset of the campaign noted for Shalmaneser V in Babylonian Chronicle 1
Where in scripture
2 KingsHoseaShalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him, and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute.
2 Kings 17:3
In the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.
2 Kings 18:9
Therefore a battle roar will arise among your people, and all your fortresses will be destroyed, as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel in the day of battle. The mother was dashed in pieces with her children.
Hosea 10:14
Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible, a public-domain translation.
In their own words — 1 recorded saying
“Then the king of Assyria gave orders, saying, Send there one of the priests whom you took away, and let him be living there and teaching the people the way of the god of the land.” — 2 Kings 17:27
Speaker attribution: Clear Bible MACULA (CC BY 4.0). Wording: Bible in Basic English (public domain).