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Ish-bosheth
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Ish-bosheth

A son of Saul, made king over Israel by Abner after the disaster at Gilboa while David reigned in Hebron over Judah. He held the northern tribes for two years, but the power was Abner's, and when he accused the commander of taking Saul's concubine, Abner turned to David in fury. Left without support and afraid, he was murdered in his bed at midday by two of his own captains, who carried his head to David expecting a reward and were executed for it.

Role: King of Israel
Lived: c. 10th century BC
Belonged to: Tribe of Benjamin
Tribe/lineage: Benjamin

What we know — and how we know it

Bible — stated in scripture (with verse) · 2 Scholarly — supported scholarly belief · 2
Family & lineage
BibleSon of Saul and Ahinoam.
2 Samuel 2:8
Tribe & people
BibleOf the tribe of Benjamin.
2 Samuel 2:8
Name & titles
Scholarly"Ish-bosheth" means "man of shame," a deliberate scribal substitution: the same son of Saul is called Esh-baal ("man of Baal") in the Chronicler's genealogy. Later tradents replaced the Baal theophoric element with bosheth ("shame") to avoid uttering the god's name, as also happened with Mephibosheth/Merib-baal.
Onomastic point comparing 2 Sam 2:8 with 1 Chron 8:33 and 9:39, where the same figure is Esh-baal; the bosheth-for-baal substitution is a recognized scribal convention.
ScholarlyA large storage jar from Khirbet Qeiyafa, published in 2015, bears the incised name "Eshbaal son of Beda" and dates to roughly the early 10th century BCE. It does NOT name Saul's son and refers to a different Eshbaal, but it is the first attestation of this exact name from the period, showing the name-form was genuinely in use in early Iron Age Judah.
Khirbet Qeiyafa Eshbaal jar inscription (excavated by Y. Garfinkel et al., published 2015). Explicitly a DIFFERENT person; graded scholarly, not archaeology of this figure, to avoid misattribution.

Where in scripture

2 Samuel1 Chronicles

Now Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s army, had taken Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;

2 Samuel 2:8 — Made king

Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

2 Samuel 2:10

Then Abner was very angry about Ishbosheth’s words, and said, “Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Today I show kindness to Saul’s house your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not delivered you into the hand of David; and yet you charge me today with a fault concerning this woman!

2 Samuel 3:8

The sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went and came at about the heat of the day to the house of Ishbosheth, as he took his rest at noon.

2 Samuel 4:5

They brought the head of Ishbosheth to David to Hebron, and said to the king, “Behold, the head of Ishbosheth, the son of Saul, your enemy, who sought your life! Yahweh has avenged my lord the king today of Saul, and of his offspring.”

2 Samuel 4:8

David commanded his young men, and they killed them, cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up beside the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ishbosheth, and buried it in Abner’s grave in Hebron.

2 Samuel 4:12

Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.

1 Chronicles 8:33

Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.

1 Chronicles 9:39

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible, a public-domain translation.

2 Samuel 2:82 Samuel 2:102 Samuel 3:82 Samuel 4:52 Samuel 4:82 Samuel 4:121 Chronicles 8:331 Chronicles 9:39

Family

In their own words — 1 recorded saying

“Now Saul had among his wives a woman named Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ish-bosheth said to Abner, Why have you taken my father's wife?” — 2 Samuel 3:7

Speaker attribution: Clear Bible MACULA (CC BY 4.0). Wording: Bible in Basic English (public domain).

In art