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Hophni
Illustration created for this project.

Hophni

A son of Eli and a priest at Shiloh, whose contempt for the offerings is the reason judgement fell on his father's house. He and his brother Phinehas took the meat before the fat was burned, demanded it raw for roasting and threatened force if refused, so that men came to despise the offering of the Lord. Both were killed on the same day when Israel carried the ark into battle against the Philistines and it was captured — the news that killed their father.

Role: Priest
Lived: c. 11th century BC
Belonged to: Tribe of Levi
Tribe/lineage: Levi
Born: Shiloh

What we know — and how we know it

Bible — stated in scripture (with verse) · 3 Scholarly — supported scholarly belief · 1
Origin & birthplace
BibleFrom Shiloh.
1 Samuel 1:3
Shiloh
Family & lineage
BibleSon of Eli.
1 Samuel 1:3
Eli
Tribe & people
BibleOf the tribe of Levi.
1 Samuel 1:3
Name & titles
ScholarlyHophni is frequently analyzed as an Egyptian-derived name (compared with Egyptian ḥfn), and it stands alongside his brother's securely Egyptian name Phinehas (Egyptian Pȝ-nḥsy, "the Nubian"), so that the Shiloh priesthood carried Egyptian-type names, a detail scholars read as a mark of the tradition's antiquity. The etymology of Hophni itself remains debated (some prefer a link to Hebrew ḥōfen, "handful/fist").
Onomastic scholarship on Egyptian names in the Hebrew Bible (e.g., discussions following K. A. Kitchen); Phinehas = Egyptian Pȝ-nḥsy.

Where in scripture

1 Samuel

This man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice to Yahweh of Armies in Shiloh. The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests to Yahweh, were there.

1 Samuel 1:3

Now the sons of Eli were wicked men. They didn’t know Yahweh.

1 Samuel 2:12 — Worthless sons of Eli

“‘This will be the sign to you, that will come on your two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas: in one day they will both die.

1 Samuel 2:34

So the people sent to Shiloh; and they brought from there the ark of the covenant of Yahweh of Armies, who sits above the cherubim: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

1 Samuel 4:4

God’s ark was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain.

1 Samuel 4:11

He who brought the news answered, “Israel has fled before the Philistines, and there has been also a great slaughter among the people. Your two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and God’s ark has been captured.”

1 Samuel 4:17

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible, a public-domain translation.

1 Samuel 1:31 Samuel 2:121 Samuel 2:341 Samuel 4:41 Samuel 4:111 Samuel 4:17

Family